Missi dominici were officials in the early medieval Frankish kingdom who were appointed by the king to act as his envoys and inspectors throughout the realm. The term "missi dominici" literally means "envoys of the lord" in Latin.
These officials were usually high-ranking nobles or bishops who were sent out in pairs to various regions of the kingdom to ensure that royal orders were being followed, to collect taxes, to administer justice, and to maintain order. They were seen as the king's representatives and their authority superseded that of local rulers.
Missi dominici played a crucial role in establishing and maintaining the centralized administrative system of the Carolingian Empire. They were instrumental in helping the Carolingian kings to consolidate their power and establish their authority over the various regions of the kingdom.
The institution of missi dominici began to decline in the later Carolingian period as the power of the central government weakened. However, the concept of royal envoys and inspectors continued to exist in various forms throughout the medieval period in Europe.
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